Soyuz | Soyuz 12

Soyuz | Soyuz 12

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Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan

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Trajectory

Soviet Space Program

The Soviet space program, was the national space program of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) actived from 1930s until disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union's space program was mainly based on the cosmonautic exploration of space and the development of the expandable launch vehicles, which had been split between many design bureaus competing against each other. Over its 60-years of history, the Russian program was responsible for a number of pioneering feats and accomplishments in the human space flight, including the first intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7), first satellite (Sputnik 1), first animal in Earth orbit (the dog Laika on Sputnik 2), first human in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1), first woman in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova on Vostok 6), first spacewalk (cosmonaut Alexei Leonov on Voskhod 2), first Moon impact (Luna 2), first image of the far side of the Moon (Luna 3) and unmanned lunar soft landing (Luna 9), first space rover (Lunokhod 1), first sample of lunar soil automatically extracted and brought to Earth (Luna 16), and first space station (Salyut 1). Further notable records included the first interplanetary probes: Venera 1 and Mars 1 to fly by Venus and Mars, respectively, Venera 3 and Mars 2 to impact the respective planet surface, and Venera 7 and Mars 3 to make soft landings on these planets.

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Soyuz 12

Soyuz 12 launched on 27 September 1973, 12:18:16 UTC. It carried commander Vasili Lazarev and flight engineer Oleg Makarov into orbit. This mission was the first test flight of the modified Soyuz spacecraft, following the tragedy of Soyuz-11. This mission also tested the use of pressurized "rescue space suits" Sokol, worn by crew during launch and re-entry. Crew returned to Earth, landing on 29 September 1973, 11:33:48 UTC.

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Soyuz 12


Serial Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #37

Launch Crew Count 2

Status Single Use

Landing Time 1973-09-29T11:33:48+0000


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Crew

Vasily Lazarev

Commander

Nationality Russian

Date Of Birth 1928-02-23

Deceased 1990-12-31

Status Deceased

Type Government


Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov

Flight Engineer

Nationality Russian

Date Of Birth 1933-01-06

Deceased 2003-05-28

Status Deceased

Type Government


Soyuz


Height 0.00 Meters

Max Stages 0

Mass To GTO 0 kg

Liftoff Thrust 0 kN

Diameter 0.00 Meters

Mass To LEO 0 kg

Liftoff Mass 0 Tonnes


Launch Success 30

Consecutive Success 3

Maiden Flight 1966-11-28

Launch Failures 2


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Programs

Soyuz

The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes.

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