Soyuz-U2 | Soyuz TM-11

Soyuz-U2 | Soyuz TM-11

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Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan

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Soviet Space Program

The Soviet space program, was the national space program of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) actived from 1930s until disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union's space program was mainly based on the cosmonautic exploration of space and the development of the expandable launch vehicles, which had been split between many design bureaus competing against each other. Over its 60-years of history, the Russian program was responsible for a number of pioneering feats and accomplishments in the human space flight, including the first intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7), first satellite (Sputnik 1), first animal in Earth orbit (the dog Laika on Sputnik 2), first human in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1), first woman in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova on Vostok 6), first spacewalk (cosmonaut Alexei Leonov on Voskhod 2), first Moon impact (Luna 2), first image of the far side of the Moon (Luna 3) and unmanned lunar soft landing (Luna 9), first space rover (Lunokhod 1), first sample of lunar soil automatically extracted and brought to Earth (Luna 16), and first space station (Salyut 1). Further notable records included the first interplanetary probes: Venera 1 and Mars 1 to fly by Venus and Mars, respectively, Venera 3 and Mars 2 to impact the respective planet surface, and Venera 7 and Mars 3 to make soft landings on these planets.

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Soyuz TM-11

Soyuz TM-11 was the 11th mission and the eighth long-duration expedition to Mir space station. The mission began on December 2, 1990, 08:13:32 UTC, launching Commander Viktor Afanasyev, Flight Engineer Musa Manarov and Research Cosmonaut Toyohiro Akiyama, the first space tourist, into orbit. They docked with Mir two days later. During their stay there, cosmonauts performed EVAs, various station repair and maintenance tasks, and carried out scientific experiments in biology, geophysics, space technology, astronomy etc. They were visited by several Progress resupply spacecrafts, and welcomed aboard the ninth long-duration expedition crew, which arrived in Soyuz TM-12 vehicle. Toyohiro Akiyama returned on December 10, 1990, in Soyuz TM-10 spacecraft, while the mission itself concluded with a safe landing back on Earth on May 26, 1991, 10:04:13 UTC.

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Soyuz TM-11


Serial Soyuz TM 11F732A51 #61

Launch Crew Count 3

Status Single Use

Landing Time 1991-05-26T10:04:13+0000


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Crew

Viktor Afanasyev

Commander

Nationality Russian

Date Of Birth 1948-12-31

Status Retired

Type Government


Musa Manarov

Flight Engineer

Nationality Russian

Date Of Birth 1951-03-22

Status Retired

Type Government


Toyohiro Akiyama

Research Cosmonaut

Nationality Japanese

Date Of Birth 1942-06-22

Status Retired

Type Non-Astronaut Passenger


Soyuz-U2


Height 34.54 Meters

Max Stages 2

Mass To GTO 0 kg

Liftoff Thrust 0 kN

Diameter 2.95 Meters

Mass To LEO 7050 kg

Liftoff Mass 298 Tonnes


Launch Success 71

Consecutive Success 71

Maiden Flight 1982-12-23

Launch Failures 0


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Programs

Mir

Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996.

Soyuz

The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes.

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