Soviet Space Program

Soviet Space Program

Government

Successful Launches 2288

Failed Launches 168

Pending Launches 0

Agency Description

The Soviet space program, was the national space program of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) actived from 1930s until disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union's space program was mainly based on the cosmonautic exploration of space and the development of the expandable launch vehicles, which had been split between many design bureaus competing against each other. Over its 60-years of history, the Russian program was responsible for a number of pioneering feats and accomplishments in the human space flight, including the first intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7), first satellite (Sputnik 1), first animal in Earth orbit (the dog Laika on Sputnik 2), first human in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1), first woman in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova on Vostok 6), first spacewalk (cosmonaut Alexei Leonov on Voskhod 2), first Moon impact (Luna 2), first image of the far side of the Moon (Luna 3) and unmanned lunar soft landing (Luna 9), first space rover (Lunokhod 1), first sample of lunar soil automatically extracted and brought to Earth (Luna 16), and first space station (Salyut 1). Further notable records included the first interplanetary probes: Venera 1 and Mars 1 to fly by Venus and Mars, respectively, Venera 3 and Mars 2 to impact the respective planet surface, and Venera 7 and Mars 3 to make soft landings on these planets.

Rocket Configs

Soyuz-U


Height 34.54 Meters

Max Stages 2

Mass To GTO 0 kg

Liftoff Thrust 0 kN

Diameter 2.95 Meters

Mass To LEO 7050 kg

Liftoff Mass 298 Tonnes


Launch Success 71

Consecutive Success 71

Maiden Flight 1982-12-23

Launch Failures 0


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Voskhod


Height 0.00 Meters

Max Stages 0

Mass To GTO 0 kg

Liftoff Thrust 0 kN

Diameter 0.00 Meters

Mass To LEO 0 kg

Liftoff Mass 0 Tonnes


Launch Success 286

Consecutive Success 46

Maiden Flight 1963-11-16

Launch Failures 13


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Vostok


Height 30.84 Meters

Max Stages 3

Mass To GTO 0 kg

Liftoff Thrust 971 kN

Diameter 2.99 Meters

Mass To LEO 4725 kg

Liftoff Mass 280 Tonnes


Launch Success 11

Consecutive Success 7

Maiden Flight 1960-05-15

Launch Failures 2


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