Soyuz-U | Soyuz 33

Soyuz-U | Soyuz 33

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Baikonur Cosmodrome, Republic of Kazakhstan

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Soviet Space Program

The Soviet space program, was the national space program of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) actived from 1930s until disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union's space program was mainly based on the cosmonautic exploration of space and the development of the expandable launch vehicles, which had been split between many design bureaus competing against each other. Over its 60-years of history, the Russian program was responsible for a number of pioneering feats and accomplishments in the human space flight, including the first intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7), first satellite (Sputnik 1), first animal in Earth orbit (the dog Laika on Sputnik 2), first human in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1), first woman in space and Earth orbit (cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova on Vostok 6), first spacewalk (cosmonaut Alexei Leonov on Voskhod 2), first Moon impact (Luna 2), first image of the far side of the Moon (Luna 3) and unmanned lunar soft landing (Luna 9), first space rover (Lunokhod 1), first sample of lunar soil automatically extracted and brought to Earth (Luna 16), and first space station (Salyut 1). Further notable records included the first interplanetary probes: Venera 1 and Mars 1 to fly by Venus and Mars, respectively, Venera 3 and Mars 2 to impact the respective planet surface, and Venera 7 and Mars 3 to make soft landings on these planets.

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Soyuz 33

Soyuz 33 would have been the eighth crew to dock to the Salyut 6 space station and was meant to visit the long-duration resident crew of the station. The mission began on April 10, 1979, 17:34:34 UTC, launching Commander Nikolai Rukavishnikovv and Research Cosmoanut Georgi Ivanov, the first Bulgarian cosmonaut, into orbit. They were going to dock with the station the next day, but engine failure forced mission to be aborted. The mission concluded with a rough return and landing back on Earth on April 12, 1979, 16:35:40 UTC.

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Soyuz 33


Serial Soyuz 7K-T 11F615A8 #49

Launch Crew Count 2

Status Single Use

Landing Time 1979-04-12T16:35:40+0000


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Crew

Nikolay Rukavishnikov

Commander

Nationality Russian

Date Of Birth 1932-09-18

Deceased 2002-10-19

Status Deceased

Type Government


Georgi Ivanov

Research Cosmonaut

Nationality Bulgarian

Date Of Birth 1940-07-02

Status Retired

Type Government


Soyuz U


Height 51.10 Meters

Max Stages 3

Mass To GTO 0 kg

Liftoff Thrust 0 kN

Diameter 2.95 Meters

Mass To LEO 6900 kg

Liftoff Mass 313 Tonnes


Launch Success 694

Consecutive Success 1

Maiden Flight 1973-05-18

Launch Failures 20


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Programs

Soyuz

The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes.

Salyut

The Salyut programme was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet Union. It involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years, from 1971 to 1986.

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